![]() When it is not available, the brain allows REM sleep phenomena to intrude into normal waking periods. People with type 1 narcolepsy have low levels of hypocretin, but those with type 2 do not.Ī person needs hypocretin to stay awake. The hypothalamus region of the brain produces hypocretin. It controls whether a person is asleep or awake by acting on different groups of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain. According to the Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center, it probably results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some genetic features may increase the risk of narcolepsy, and it sometimes runs in families. This is a chemical the brain needs to stay awake. The exact cause of narcolepsy is unknown, but it likely involves a deficiency in hypocretin, or orexin. People should avoid any activity that could pose a health threat, such as using machinery or driving, until treatment is able to improve their condition.
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