13- 15 However, limited research involving CNV paradigm in subjects with BD has produced contradictory findings. In fact, CNV is an established paradigm to study cognitive processes in schizophrenia and a number of studies have consistently reported reduced CNV in this condition. 10- 12 Research over the decades have established Event Related Potentials as one of the main tools available for investigating the function of the human brain considering their high level of sensitivity to cognitive processing like attention and memory processes. Such deficits have also been found to be one of the core deficits in Paediatric Bipolar Disorder (PBD) patients. 6, 7Īdult subjects with Bipolar Disorder (BD) have been consistently found to have cognitive deficits in the form of verbal memory, sustained attention 8, 9 even during the euthymic phase. In fact, studies done in the past suggested that CNV may be a sensitive indicator of attention and arousal processes 2, 3 particularly focused attention 4 and sustained attention, 5 stimulus anticipation and visuo-spatial working memory. CNV, although believed to reveal motor preparation, has also been found to reflect non-motoric processes. CNV is typically studied using the S1-S2 paradigm in which the first stimulus (S1) serves as a preparatory signal for an "imperative" stimulus (S2), to which a motor response is made. Contingent Negative Variation (CNV), first reported by Grey Walter, 1 consists of slow surface negativity that mostly peaks at central brain locations.
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